@article{The_Firn_Symposium_team2024-hf,

title = {Publisher Correction: Firn on ice sheets},

author = {The Firn Symposium team and Charles Amory and Christo Buizert and Sammie Buzzard and Elizabeth Case and Nicole Clerx and Riley Culberg and Rajashree Tri Datta and Rahul Dey and Reinhard Drews and Devon Dunmire and Clare Eayrs and Nicolaj Hansen and Angelika Humbert and Athul Kaitheri and Kaitlin Keegan and Peter Kuipers Munneke and Jan T M Lenaerts and Stef Lhermitte and Doug Mair and Ian McDowell and Jessica Mejia and Colin R Meyer and Elizabeth Morris and Dorothea Moser and Falk M Oraschewski and Emma Pearce and Sophie Roda Husman and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel and Timm Schultz and Sebastian B Simonsen and C Max Stevens and Elizabeth R Thomas and Megan Thompson-Munson and Nander Wever and Bert Wouters},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Nat. Rev. Earth Environ.},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sandberg_Sorensen2024-lt,

title = {Improved monitoring of subglacial lake activity in Greenland},

author = {Louise Sandberg Sørensen and Rasmus Bahbah and Sebastian B Simonsen and Natalia Havelund Andersen and Jade Bowling and Noel Gourmelen and Alex Horton and Nanna B Karlsson and Amber Leeson and Jennifer Maddalena and Malcolm McMillan and Anne Solgaard and Birgit Wessel},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {505–523},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. Subglacial lakes form beneath ice sheets and ice caps 

 if water is available and if bedrock and surface topography are 

 able to retain the water. On a regional scale, the lakes 

 modulate the timing and rate of freshwater flow through the 

 subglacial system to the ocean by acting as reservoirs. More 

 than 100 hydrologically active subglacial lakes that drain and 

 recharge periodically have been documented under the Antarctic 

 Ice Sheet, while only approximately 20 active lakes have been 

 identified in Greenland. Active lakes may be identified by local 

 changes in ice topography caused by the drainage or recharge of 

 the lake beneath the ice. The small size of the Greenlandic 

 subglacial lakes puts additional demands on mapping capabilities 

 to resolve the evolving surface topography in sufficient detail 

 to record their temporal behaviour. Here, we explore the 

 potential for using CryoSat-2 swath-processed data, together 

 with TanDEM-X digital elevation models, to improve the 

 monitoring capabilities of active subglacial lakes in Greenland. 

 We focus on four subglacial lakes previously described in the 

 literature and combine the data with ArcticDEMs to obtain 

 improved measurements of the evolution of these four lakes. We 

 find that with careful tuning of the swath processor and 

 filtering of the output data, the inclusion of these data, 

 together with the TanDEM-X data, provides important information 

 on lake activity, documenting, for example, that the ice surface 

 collapse basin on Flade Isblink Ice Cap was 50 % (30 m) deeper 

 than previously recorded. We also present evidence of a new, 

 active subglacial lake in southwestern Greenland, which is 

 located close to an already known lake. Both lakes probably 

 drained within 1 month in the summer of 2012, which suggests 

 either that they are hydrologically connected or that the 

 drainages were independently triggered by extensive surface 

 melt. If the hydrological connection is confirmed, this would to 

 our knowledge be the first indication of hydrologically 

 connected subglacial lakes in Greenland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hanna2024-fv,

title = {Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland 

 ice sheets},

author = {Edward Hanna and Dániel Topál and Jason E Box and Sammie Buzzard and Frazer D W Christie and Christine Hvidberg and Mathieu Morlighem and Laura De Santis and Alessandro Silvano and Florence Colleoni and Ingo Sasgen and Alison F Banwell and Michiel R Broeke and Robert DeConto and Jan De Rydt and Heiko Goelzer and Alexandra Gossart and G Hilmar Gudmundsson and Katrin Lindbäck and Bertie Miles and Ruth Mottram and Frank Pattyn and Ronja Reese and Eric Rignot and Aakriti Srivastava and Sainan Sun and Justin Toller and Peter A Tuckett and Lizz Ultee},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Nat. Rev. Earth Environ.},

volume = {5},

number = {3},

pages = {193–210},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Melling2024-gj,

title = {Evaluation of satellite methods for estimating supraglacial lake 

 depth in southwest Greenland},

author = {Laura Melling and Amber Leeson and Malcolm McMillan and Jennifer Maddalena and Jade Bowling and Emily Glen and Louise Sandberg Sørensen and Mai Winstrup and Rasmus Lørup Arildsen},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {543–558},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. Supraglacial lakes form on the Greenland ice sheet in 

 the melt season (May to October) when meltwater collects in 

 surface depressions on the ice. Supraglacial lakes can act as a 

 control on ice dynamics since, given a large enough volume of 

 water and a favourable stress regime, hydrofracture of the lake 

 can occur, which enables water transfer from the ice surface to 

 the bedrock, where it can lubricate the base. The depth (and 

 thus volume) of these lakes is typically estimated by applying a 

 radiative transfer equation (RTE) to optical satellite imagery. 

 This method can be used at scale across entire ice sheets but is 

 poorly validated due to a paucity of in situ depth data. Here we 

 intercompare supraglacial lake depth detection by means of 

 ArcticDEM digital elevation models, ICESat-2 photon refraction, 

 and the RTE applied to Sentinel-2 images across five lakes in 

 southwest Greenland. We found good agreement between the ArcticDEM and ICESat-2 approaches (Pearson's r=0.98) but found 

 that the RTE overestimates lake depth by up to 153 % using the 

 green band (543–578 nm) and underestimates lake depth by up to 

 63 % using the red band (650–680 nm). Parametric uncertainty 

 in the RTE estimates is substantial and is dominated by 

 uncertainty in estimates of reflectance at the lakebed, which 

 are derived empirically. Uncertainty in lake depth estimates 

 translates into a poor understanding of total lake volume, which 

 could mean that hydrofracture likelihood is poorly constrained, 

 in turn affecting ice velocity predictions. Further laboratory 

 studies to constrain spectral radiance loss in the water column 

 and investigation of the potential effects of cryoconite on 

 lakebed reflectance could improve the RTE in its current format. 

 However, we also suggest that future work should explore 

 multi-sensor approaches to deriving lake depth from optical 

 satellite imagery, which may improve depth estimates and will 

 certainly result in better-constrained uncertainties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2024-pz,

title = {Inter-comparison of melt pond products from optical satellite 

 imagery},

author = {Sanggyun Lee and Julienne Stroeve and Melinda Webster and Niels Fuchs and Donald K Perovich},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Remote Sens. Environ.},

volume = {301},

number = {113920},

pages = {113920},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mallett2024-rl,

title = {Dye tracing of upward brine migration in snow},

author = {Robbie Mallett and Vishnu Nandan and Julienne Stroeve and Rosemary Willatt and Monojit Saha and John Yackel and Gaëlle Veysière and Jeremy Wilkinson},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Ann. Glaciol.},

volume = {65},

number = {e26},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},

abstract = {Abstract Salt is often present in the snow overlying seasonal 

 sea ice, and has profound thermodynamic and electromagnetic 

 effects. However, its provenance and behaviour within the snow 

 remain uncertain. We describe two investigations tracing upward 

 brine movement in snow: one conducted in the laboratory and one 

 in the field. The laboratory experiments involved the addition 

 of dyed brine to the base of terrestrial snow samples, with 

 subsequent wicking being measured. Our field experiment involved 

 dye being added directly (without brine) to bare sea-ice and 

 lake ice surfaces, with snow then accumulating on top over 

 several days. On the sea ice, the dye migrated upwards into the 

 snow by up to 5 cm as the snow's basal layer became more salty, 

 whereas no migration occurred in our control experiment over 

 non-saline lake ice. This occurred in relatively dry snowpacks 

 where brine took up $ of the snow's calculated pore volume, 

 suggesting pore saturation is not required for upward salt 

 transport. Our results highlight the potential role of 

 microstructural parameters beyond those currently retrievable 

 with penetrometry, and the potential value of longitudinal, 

 process-based field studies of young snowpacks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{The_Firn_Symposium_team2024-il,

title = {Firn on ice sheets},

author = {The Firn Symposium team and Charles Amory and Christo Buizert and Sammie Buzzard and Elizabeth Case and Nicole Clerx and Riley Culberg and Rajashree Tri Datta and Rahul Dey and Reinhard Drews and Devon Dunmire and Clare Eayrs and Nicolaj Hansen and Angelika Humbert and Athul Kaitheri and Kaitlin Keegan and Peter Kuipers Munneke and Jan T M Lenaerts and Stef Lhermitte and Doug Mair and Ian McDowell and Jessica Mejia and Colin R Meyer and Elizabeth Morris and Dorothea Moser and Falk M Oraschewski and Emma Pearce and Sophie Roda Husman and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel and Timm Schultz and Sebastian B Simonsen and C Max Stevens and Elizabeth R Thomas and Megan Thompson-Munson and Nander Wever and Bert Wouters},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Nat. Rev. Earth Environ.},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {79–99},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lenton2024-ld,

title = {Remotely sensing potential climate change tipping points across 

 scales},

author = {Timothy M Lenton and Jesse F Abrams and Annett Bartsch and Sebastian Bathiany and Chris A Boulton and Joshua E Buxton and Alessandra Conversi and Andrew M Cunliffe and Sophie Hebden and Thomas Lavergne and Benjamin Poulter and Andrew Shepherd and Taylor Smith and Didier Swingedouw and Ricarda Winkelmann and Niklas Boers},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Nat. Commun.},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

pages = {343},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Potential climate tipping points pose a growing risk for 

 societies, and policy is calling for improved anticipation of 

 them. Satellite remote sensing can play a unique role in 

 identifying and anticipating tipping phenomena across scales. 

 Where satellite records are too short for temporal early warning 

 of tipping points, complementary spatial indicators can leverage 

 the exceptional spatial-temporal coverage of remotely sensed 

 data to detect changing resilience of vulnerable systems. 

 Combining Earth observation with Earth system models can improve 

 process-based understanding of tipping points, their 

 interactions, and potential tipping cascades. Such 

 fine-resolution sensing can support climate tipping point risk 

 management across scales.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seroussi2023-jo,

title = {Insights into the vulnerability of Antarctic glaciers from the 

 ISMIP6 ice sheet model ensemble and associated uncertainty},

author = {Hélène Seroussi and Vincent Verjans and Sophie Nowicki and Antony J Payne and Heiko Goelzer and William H Lipscomb and Ayako Abe-Ouchi and Cécile Agosta and Torsten Albrecht and Xylar Asay-Davis and Alice Barthel and Reinhard Calov and Richard Cullather and Christophe Dumas and Benjamin K Galton-Fenzi and Rupert Gladstone and Nicholas R Golledge and Jonathan M Gregory and Ralf Greve and Tore Hattermann and Matthew J Hoffman and Angelika Humbert and Philippe Huybrechts and Nicolas C Jourdain and Thomas Kleiner and Eric Larour and Gunter R Leguy and Daniel P Lowry and Chistopher M Little and Mathieu Morlighem and Frank Pattyn and Tyler Pelle and Stephen F Price and Aurélien Quiquet and Ronja Reese and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel and Andrew Shepherd and Erika Simon and Robin S Smith and Fiammetta Straneo and Sainan Sun and Luke D Trusel and Jonas Van Breedam and Peter Van Katwyk and Roderik S W Wal and Ricarda Winkelmann and Chen Zhao and Tong Zhang and Thomas Zwinger},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {17},

number = {12},

pages = {5197–5217},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. The Antarctic Ice Sheet represents the largest source 

 of uncertainty in future sea level rise projections, with a 

 contribution to sea level by 2100 ranging from −5 to 43 cm of 

 sea level equivalent under high carbon emission scenarios 

 estimated by the recent Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison for 

 CMIP6 (ISMIP6). ISMIP6 highlighted the different behaviors of 

 the East and West Antarctic ice sheets, as well as the possible 

 role of increased surface mass balance in offsetting the dynamic 

 ice loss in response to changing oceanic conditions in ice shelf 

 cavities. However, the detailed contribution of individual 

 glaciers, as well as the partitioning of uncertainty associated 

 with this ensemble, have not yet been investigated. Here, we 

 analyze the ISMIP6 results for high carbon emission scenarios, 

 focusing on key glaciers around the Antarctic Ice Sheet, and we 

 quantify their projected dynamic mass loss, defined here as mass 

 loss through increased ice discharge into the ocean in response 

 to changing oceanic conditions. We highlight glaciers 

 contributing the most to sea level rise, as well as their 

 vulnerability to changes in oceanic conditions. We then 

 investigate the different sources of uncertainty and their 

 relative role in projections, for the entire continent and for 

 key individual glaciers. We show that, in addition to Thwaites 

 and Pine Island glaciers in West Antarctica, Totten and Moscow 

 University glaciers in East Antarctica present comparable future 

 dynamic mass loss and high sensitivity to ice shelf basal melt. 

 The overall uncertainty in additional dynamic mass loss in 

 response to changing oceanic conditions, compared to a scenario 

 with constant oceanic conditions, is dominated by the choice of 

 ice sheet model, accounting for 52 % of the total uncertainty 

 of the Antarctic dynamic mass loss in 2100. Its relative role 

 for the most dynamic glaciers varies between 14 % for MacAyeal 

 and Whillans ice streams and 56 % for Pine Island Glacier at 

 the end of the century. The uncertainty associated with the 

 choice of climate model increases over time and reaches 13 % of 

 the uncertainty by 2100 for the Antarctic Ice Sheet but varies 

 between 4 % for Thwaites Glacier and 53 % for Whillans Ice 

 Stream. The uncertainty associated with the ice–climate 

 interaction, which captures different treatments of oceanic 

 forcings such as the choice of melt parameterization, its 

 calibration, and simulated ice shelf geometries, accounts for 22 

 % of the uncertainty at the ice sheet scale but reaches 36 % 

 and 39 % for Institute Ice Stream and Thwaites Glacier, 

 respectively, by 2100. Overall, this study helps inform future 

 research by highlighting the sectors of the ice sheet most 

 vulnerable to oceanic warming over the 21st century and by 

 quantifying the main sources of uncertainty.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Duffey2023-yq,

title = {ESD Ideas: Arctic amplification's contribution to breaches of 

 the Paris Agreement},

author = {Alistair Duffey and Robbie Mallett and Peter J Irvine and Michel Tsamados and Julienne Stroeve},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

journal = {Earth Syst. Dyn.},

volume = {14},

number = {6},

pages = {1165–1169},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. The Arctic is warming at almost 4 times the global 

 average rate. Here we reframe this amplified Arctic warming in 

 terms of global climate ambition to show that without Arctic 

 amplification, the world would breach the Paris Agreement's 1.5 

 and 2 ∘C limits 5 and 8 years later, respectively. We also find 

 the Arctic to be a disproportionate contributor to uncertainty 

 in the timing of breaches. The outsized influence of Arctic 

 warming on global climate targets highlights the need for better 

 modelling and monitoring of Arctic change.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Braakmann-Folgmann2023-dt,

title = {Mapping the extent of giant Antarctic icebergs with deep 

 learning},

author = {Anne Braakmann-Folgmann and Andrew Shepherd and David Hogg and Ella Redmond},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {17},

number = {11},

pages = {4675–4690},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. Icebergs release cold, fresh meltwater and terrigenous 

 nutrients as they drift and melt, influencing the local ocean 

 properties, encouraging sea ice formation and biological 

 production. To locate and quantify the fresh water flux from 

 Antarctic icebergs, changes in their area and thickness have to 

 be monitored along their trajectories. While the locations of 

 large icebergs are operationally tracked by manual inspection, 

 delineation of their extent is not. Here, we propose a U-net 

 approach to automatically map the extent of giant icebergs in 

 Sentinel-1 imagery. This greatly improves the efficiency 

 compared to manual delineations, reducing the time for each 

 outline from several minutes to less than 0.01 s. We evaluate 

 the performance of our U-net and two state-of-the-art 

 segmentation algorithms (Otsu and k-means) on 191 images. For 

 icebergs larger than those covered by the training data, we find 

 that U-net tends to miss parts. Otherwise, U-net is more robust 

 in scenes with complex backgrounds – ignoring sea ice, smaller 

 regions of nearby coast or other icebergs – and outperforms the 

 other two techniques by achieving an F1 score of 0.84 and an 

 absolute median deviation in iceberg area of 4.1 %.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Buendia2023-ao,

title = {Ice sheet height retrievals from Spire grazing angle GNSS-R},

author = {Raquel N Buendía and Sajad Tabibi and Matthieu Talpe and Inès Otosaka},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

journal = {Remote Sens. Environ.},

volume = {297},

number = {113757},

pages = {113757},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Surawy-Stepney2023-lh,

title = {Mapping Antarctic crevasses and their evolution with deep 

 learning applied to satellite radar imagery},

author = {Trystan Surawy-Stepney and Anna E Hogg and Stephen L Cornford and David C Hogg},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {17},

number = {10},

pages = {4421–4445},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. The fracturing of glaciers and ice shelves in 

 Antarctica influences their dynamics and stability. Hence, data 

 on the evolving distribution of crevasses are required to better 

 understand the evolution of the ice sheet, though such data have 

 traditionally been difficult and time-consuming to generate. 

 Here, we present an automated method of mapping crevasses on 

 grounded and floating ice with the application of convolutional 

 neural networks to Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar 

 backscatter data. We apply this method across Antarctica to 

 images acquired between 2015 and 2022, producing a 7.5-year 

 record of composite fracture maps at monthly intervals and 50 m 

 spatial resolution and showing the distribution of crevasses 

 around the majority of the ice sheet margin. We develop a method 

 of quantifying changes to the density of ice shelf fractures 

 using a time series of crevasse maps and show increases in 

 crevassing on Thwaites and Pine Island ice shelves over the 

 observational period, with observed changes elsewhere in the 

 Amundsen Sea dominated by the advection of existing crevasses. 

 Using stress fields computed using the BISICLES ice sheet model, 

 we show that much of this structural change has occurred in 

 buttressing regions of these ice shelves, indicating a recent 

 and ongoing link between fracturing and the developing dynamics 

 of the Amundsen Sea sector.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Davison2023-qt,

title = {Annual mass budget of Antarctic ice shelves from 1997 to 2021},

author = {Benjamin J Davison and Anna E Hogg and Noel Gourmelen and Livia Jakob and Jan Wuite and Thomas Nagler and Chad A Greene and Julia Andreasen and Marcus E Engdahl},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Sci. Adv.},

volume = {9},

number = {41},

pages = {eadi0186},

abstract = {Antarctic ice shelves moderate the contribution of the Antarctic 

 Ice Sheet to global sea level rise; however, ice shelf health 

 remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the annual mass 

 budget of all Antarctic ice shelves from 1997 to 2021. Out of 162 

 ice shelves, 71 lost mass, 29 gained mass, and 62 did not change 

 mass significantly. Of the shelves that lost mass, 68 had 

 statistically significant negative mass trends, 48 lost more than 

 30% of their initial mass, and basal melting was the dominant 

 contributor to that mass loss at a majority (68%). At many ice 

 shelves, mass losses due to basal melting or iceberg calving were 

 significantly positively correlated with grounding line discharge 

 anomalies; however, the strength and form of this relationship 

 varied substantially between ice shelves. Our results illustrate 

 the utility of partitioning high-resolution ice shelf mass 

 balance observations into its components to quantify the 

 contributors to ice shelf mass change and the response of 

 grounded ice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Willatt2023-uw,

title = {Retrieval of snow depth on arctic sea ice from surface‐based, 

 polarimetric, dual‐frequency radar altimetry},

author = {Rosemary Willatt and Julienne C Stroeve and Vishnu Nandan and Thomas Newman and Robbie Mallett and Stefan Hendricks and Robert Ricker and James Mead and Polona Itkin and Rasmus Tonboe and David N Wagner and Gunnar Spreen and Glen Liston and Martin Schneebeli and Daniela Krampe and Michel Tsamados and Oguz Demir and Jeremy Wilkinson and Matthias Jaggi and Lu Zhou and Marcus Huntemann and Ian A Raphael and Arttu Jutila and Marc Oggier},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},

volume = {50},

number = {20},

publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},

abstract = {AbstractSnow depth on sea ice is an Essential Climate Variable 

 and a major source of uncertainty in satellite altimetry‐derived 

 sea ice thickness. During winter of the MOSAiC Expedition, the 

 ``KuKa'' dual‐frequency, fully polarized Ku‐ and Ka‐band radar 

 was deployed in ``stare'' nadir‐looking mode to investigate the 

 possibility of combining these two frequencies to retrieve snow 

 depth. Three approaches were investigated: dual‐frequency, 

 dual‐polarization and waveform shape, and compared to 

 independent snow depth measurements. Novel dual‐polarization 

 approaches yielded r2 values up to 0.77. Mean snow depths agreed 

 within 1 cm, even for data sub‐banded to CryoSat‐2 SIRAL and 

 SARAL AltiKa bandwidths. Snow depths from co‐polarized 

 dual‐frequency approaches were at least a factor of four too 

 small and had a r2 0.15 or lower. r2 for waveform shape 

 techniques reached 0.72 but depths were underestimated. Snow 

 depth retrievals using polarimetric information or waveform 

 shape may therefore be possible from airborne/satellite radar 

 altimeters.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Otosaka2023-vg,

title = {Mass balances of the antarctic and Greenland ice sheets 

 monitored from space},

author = {Inès N Otosaka and Martin Horwath and Ruth Mottram and Sophie Nowicki},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Surv. Geophys.},

volume = {44},

number = {5},

pages = {1615–1652},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {AbstractSatellite data have revealed that the Greenland and 

 Antarctic Ice Sheets are changing rapidly due to warming air and 

 ocean temperatures. Crucially, Earth Observations can now be 

 used to measure ice sheet mass balance at the continental scale, 

 which can help reduce uncertainties in the ice sheets' past, 

 present, and future contributions to global mean sea level. The 

 launch of satellite missions dedicated to the polar regions led 

 to great progress towards a better assessment of the state of 

 the ice sheets, which, in combination with ice sheet models, 

 have furthered our understanding of the physical processes 

 leading to changes in the ice sheets' properties. There is now a 

 three-decade-long satellite record of Antarctica and Greenland 

 mass changes, and new satellite missions are planned to both 

 continue this record and further develop our observational 

 capabilities, which is critical as the ice sheets remain the 

 most uncertain component of future sea-level rise. In this 

 paper, we review the mechanisms leading to ice sheets' mass 

 changes and describe the state of the art of the satellite 

 techniques used to monitor Greenland's and Antarctica's mass 

 balance, providing an overview of the contributions of Earth 

 Observations to our knowledge of these vast and remote regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mchedlishvili2023-qc,

title = {New estimates of pan-Arctic sea ice–atmosphere neutral drag 

 coefficients from ICESat-2 elevation data},

author = {Alexander Mchedlishvili and Christof Lüpkes and Alek Petty and Michel Tsamados and Gunnar Spreen},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {17},

number = {9},

pages = {4103–4131},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {Abstract. The effect that sea ice topography has on the momentum 

 transfer between ice and atmosphere is not fully quantified due 

 to the vast extent of the Arctic and limitations of current 

 measurement techniques. Here we present a method to estimate 

 pan-Arctic momentum transfer via a parameterization that links 

 sea ice–atmosphere form drag coefficients with surface feature 

 height and spacing. We measure these sea ice surface feature 

 parameters using the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 

 (ICESat-2). Though ICESat-2 is unable to resolve as well as 

 airborne surveys, it has a higher along-track spatial resolution 

 than other contemporary altimeter satellites. As some narrow 

 obstacles are effectively smoothed out by the ICESat-2 ATL07 

 spatial resolution, we use near-coincident high-resolution 

 Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) elevation data from NASA's 

 Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission to scale up the regional 

 ICESat-2 drag estimates. By also incorporating drag due to open 

 water, floe edges and sea ice skin drag, we produced a time 

 series of average total pan-Arctic neutral atmospheric drag 

 coefficient estimates from November 2018 to May 2022. Here we 

 have observed its temporal evolution to be unique and not 

 directly tied to sea ice extent. By also mapping 3-month 

 aggregates for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 for better regional 

 analysis, we found the thick multiyear ice area directly north 

 of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland to be consistently 

 above 2.0$times$10-3, while most of the multiyear ice portion 

 of the Arctic is typically around ∼1.5$times$10-3.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Thomas2023-gm,

title = {Future response of Antarctic continental shelf temperatures to 

 ice shelf basal melting and calving},

author = {Max Thomas and Jeff K Ridley and Inga J Smith and David P Stevens and Paul R Holland and Shona Mackie},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},

volume = {50},

number = {18},

publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},

abstract = {AbstractWe investigate feedbacks between subsurface continental 

 shelf ocean temperatures and Antarctic glacial melt using a 

 coupled climate model. The model was forced with SSP5‐8.5 and an 

 uncoupled projection of basal melt and calving fluxes. SSP5‐8.5 

 forcing with fixed pre‐industrial glacial melt warms all 

 continental shelves, such that historically ``cool'' and 

 ``fresh'' shelves transition to ``warm.'' Additional glacial 

 melt, added at depth, cools the Eastern Ross, Amundsen, and 

 Bellingshausen seas, suggesting a negative feedback on basal 

 melt—a novel result for a coarse resolution coupled model. 

 From the Weddell Sea, along East Antarctica, and into the 

 western Ross Sea—where continental shelves transition to a 

 ``warm'' state—additional glacial melt increases temperatures 

 at the continental shelf sea floor, suggesting a positive 

 feedback. The sign of the glacial melt–subsurface temperature 

 feedback is critically dependent on continental shelf 

 properties, climate state, and the vertical distribution of 

 glacial melt inputs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}