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Five years’ ice thickness change. Credit: ESA/CPOM
CryoSat has delivered this year’s map of autumn sea-ice thickness in the Arctic, revealing a small decrease in ice volume. In a new phase for ESA’s ice mission, the measurements can now also be used to help vessels navigate through the north coastal waters of Alaska, for example.
Measurements made during October and November show that the volume of Arctic sea ice now stands at about 10,200 cubic km – a small drop compared to last year’s 10,900 cubic km.
The volume is the second-highest since measurements began in 2010, and the five-year average is relatively stable. This, however, does not necessarily indicate a turn in the long-term downward trend.
“We must to take care when computing long-term trends as this CryoSat assessment is short when compared to other climate records,” said CPOM Director Andy Shepherd.
“For reliable predictions, we should try other approaches, like considering what is forcing the changes, incorporating the CryoSat data into predictive models based on solid physics, or simply waiting until more measurements have been collected.”
CryoSat was designed to measure sea-ice thickness across the entire Arctic Ocean, enabling scientists to monitor accurately the overall change in volume.
While the amount of ice normally fluctuates depending on the season, longer-term satellite records show a constant downward trend in ice extent during all seasons, in particular in summer, with a minimum occurring in the autumn of 2012.
Establishing whether the ice volume is following a similar trend is one of CryoSat’s key mission objectives.
“October is interesting because it is the first month we get data directly following the sea-ice minimum in September, so that’s where we see the largest interannual variability in our volume estimates,” said Rachel Tilling, who is working on the CryoSat measurements as part of her PhD studies.
Launched in 2010, CryoSat has long surpassed its planned three-year life. At the mission’s recent mid-term review, it was further extended until February 2017.
Ice thickness for operational applications. Credit: ESA/CPOM
Tommaso Parrinello, ESA’s CryoSat Mission Manager, said “CryoSat has already achieved outstanding results, both within its original mission objectives and for unexpected applications.
“Looking ahead, we are working hard to prototype new operational capabilities so that the measurements can be used for routine assessments in climate science and for services affected by Arctic sea ice.”
To test this, scientists have produced an assessment of sea-ice thickness north of Alaska and eastern Russia with data acquired over the last month. Products like this could prove useful for maritime services, such as shipping and exploration.
