From equations to ice sheets: how an interest in maths and physics led Dr Inès Otosaka to Antarctica and Greenland

From equations to ice sheets: how an interest in maths and physics led Dr Inès Otosaka to Antarctica and Greenland

Dr Inès Otosaka is an Assistant Professor at Northumbria University in Newcastle. Her research focuses on using satellite and airborne altimetry data over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to detect and interpret changes in their elevation, volume, and mass and estimate their contribution to sea level rise.

She’s also had the chance to visit these incredible places, joining fieldwork expeditions in the Arctic and Antarctic.

At school she has no idea that this career in polar science lay ahead of her. It all started with a French Baccalauréat and a talent for maths and physics.

Yesterday, as part of Mars Day 2026, organised by STEM Learning, ESERO-UK, The European Space Agency and the UK Space Agency, she shared her experience of building a career in polar science with young people across the UK.

After her Baccalauréat (the equivalent of British A-Levels) she went on to Engineering School, where her studies broadened to include mechanics and computer science. The interdisciplinary nature of this study, including both maths and engineering, was excellent transferable experience that would prove useful in her career in climate science.

Everyone’s journey in science looks different. Inès’ included an internship in a factory, which gave her hands-on experience of how technical knowledge gets applied in practice, and her subsequent internship placed her in a research lab working on climate data from Argentinian vineyards. By working with real climate datasets like these, she discovered the kind of work she wanted to do.

Inès continued her academic studies, pursuing a Master’s of Science in The Built Environment, during which she studied remote sensing, spatial statistics, and sustainability. She also took on an internship in sea ice detection using satellite data at the KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) which was her first real encounter with the cryosphere (the frozen parts of our planet).

From there, a PhD in Earth Observation followed, and then a CPOM Research Fellowship in land ice earth observation.

Today, Inès leads the IMBIE team, a collaboration of international scientists who have reconciled three decades of satellite measurements to provide the world’s most authoritative estimates of ice sheet mass balance and sea level rise contributions. She also leads on the ESA-funded CryoTipping project which combines satellite observations with ice sheet modelling to detect marine ice sheet instability in Antarctica.

This work helps answer some of the most pressing questions in climate science: how much are the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets contributing to rising sea levels and when might we reach tipping points in the Antarctic? These are questions which affect all of us, now and in the future.
Inès career path included engineering school, a factory floor, and a gradual move towards remote sensing and climate science. This led to her becoming a leading scientist in Earth Observation, teaching other young people with an interest in climate science through her work as an Assistant Professor. It’s a job she’s passionate about – “now I know why studying maths was so important – it’s led me to a job I love!” – she said as part of the presentation.

If you’re good at maths or physics and wondering where it might take you, the answer could be somewhere you haven’t considered yet. Ice sheets, satellites, sea level rise – it’s a long way from the classroom, but the journey can start with the subjects you enjoy at school.

Find out more about STEM UK and Mars Day 26.

Climate tipping points in the news

What are tipping points?

Climate tipping occurs when warming temperatures push parts of the Earth system past critical thresholds, triggering self-reinforcing changes that become difficult or impossible to reverse. Crossing these thresholds will lead to major changes in sea level, ocean circulation, and weather patterns, changes that governments and international agencies need to anticipate and plan for. That’s why monitoring for early warning signs of tipping is crucial.

Tipping points in the news

Recent headlines have focused on the first major climate system to tip into irreversible decline– coral reefs. Scientists confirmed in research published this year that warm-water coral reefs have crossed their thermal tipping point and are experiencing unprecedented, widespread decline.

Other tipping points currently making headlines include:

  • AMOC/Gulf Stream collapse – a shutdown of this ocean circulation system would cause changes to global weather patterns, potentially causing northwest Europe to experience more severe winters while disrupting monsoons and food security worldwide.
  • Weakening carbon sinks – forests and oceans that normally absorb some of the human-made CO2 emissions are becoming less effective, accelerating atmospheric warming.
  • Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet collapse – an irreversible retreat, which, when initiated, would cause metres of additional sea level rise

Focus on the ice sheets

The collapse of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets presents a serious threat. Their collapse would commit us to metres of sea level rise affecting hundreds of millions globally.

But what are the key instabilities scientists are concerned about?

In this article in The Conversation, CPOM Co-Director for Science Dr Inès Otosaka (Northumbria University) explores the three ice sheet instabilities that could trigger collapse and rapid melting:

  • Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI)
  • Marine Ice Cliff Instability (MICI)
  • Surface Elevation Melt Instability (SEMI)

Inès leads the ESA CryoTipping project with Earth Observation experts from ESA’s Antarctic CCI+ Project and ice sheet modelling experts from Northumbria’s Future of Ice on Earth Peak of Research Excellence, PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research) and MPI-GEA (Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology) combining satellite observations with ice sheet modelling to detect marine ice sheet instability at Thwaites glacier in Antarctica’s Amundsen Sea Sector. By feeding satellite data on grounding line location, ice velocity, and surface elevation into ice sheet models, the team aims to detect early warning signs of tipping points and investigate potential irreversibility of the retreat of the Thwaites glacier.